Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate procedure ( ESR )

Theory And Principle

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate is a non-specific test it is raised in a wide range of infectious inflammatory degenerative and malignant condition associated with change in plasma protein particularly increase in fibrinogen immunoglubins and C-reactive protein. The ESR is also affected by many other factors including anemia, pregnancy, haemoglobinopathies, haemoconcentration and treatment with anti-inflammatory drugs.

Procedure (Westergren method)

• Sample received in lavender-top tube

• Add 1.6 ml of blood in tube

• And fill 0.4 ml of sodium citrate in same tube

• Place the Westergren pipette vertically in tube

• Using the safe suction method draw the blood to Zero mark of the Westergren tubes avoid from air bubbles

• Set the timer for one hour

• After one hour take a result

Result

Read the level at which the plasma meets to the red blood cells in mm/hour. Its normal range is 0-15 mm/hour.

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Medical Laboratory Technology MCQs - MLT MCQs Part-01

1) Study about blood, blood-forming organs and blood diseases..! a) Biochemistry b) Histopathology c) Hematology 2) Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disease of ..! a) RBCs b) WBCs c) Platelets 3) Protein that transport oxygen from lungs to body tissues is called. a) Insulin b) Hemoglobin c) Elastin 4) Amount of red blood cells or hemoglobin decreases from in the blood..! a) Anemia b) Polycethemia c) Leukemia 5) MCHC stands for..! a) Major concentration histocompatibility complex b) Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration c) None of the above 6) Why SGPT test is performed..! a) M easures damage of liver b) Measures damage of stomach c) Measure damage of Large Intestine 7) Blood cultures are used to detect..! a) Helps to count blood components b) Bacteria or fungi c) Both of above 8) Inflammation can last for months or years..! a) Acute inflammation b) Chronic inflammation c) None of the above 9) Coughing, w

Reticulocytes Procedure

Reticulocytes are immature red blood cells normally present in small numbers in the blood (up to 2%) Reticulocyte numbers increase when there is increase in erythropoitic activity. A Reticulocyte count asses bone marrow activity, e.g. whether there is an effective erythropoitic response when there is reduction in the number of the red blood cells due to haemolysis or hemorrhage. A Reticulocyte count also of value in monitoring the erythropoitic response of an anemic patient. Procedure • Pour 2-3 drops of blood with EDTA • Add 2-3 drops of stain 10 g/l (1% w/v) new methylene blue in same tube and mix well • Incubate for 20 minutes at room temperature 37 degree centigrade • Mix gently and take one drop with dropper and pour on the slide and make a smear and leave to dry • Now smear is ready to observe in microscope for reticulates count Result Reticulocyte appears as Pale green-blue stained cells containing dark blue- violet inclusion in the form of small granules.

Antinuclear Antibodies Procedure

A qualitative and semi-qualitative serological test is performed for the Antinuclear Antibodies in serum or plasma. An antinuclear antibody test looks for autoimmune diseases such as lupus or rheumatoid arthritis. Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) are a group of auto-antibodies produced by a person's immune system when it fails to adequately distinguish between "self" and "nonself." The ANA test detects these auto-antibodies in the blood. ANA react with components of the body's own healthy cells and cause signs and symptoms such as tissue and organ inflammation, joint and muscle pain, and fatigue. ANA specifically target substances found in the nucleus of a cell, hence the name "antinuclear." ANA latex Test provides a suspension of polystyrene latex particles which has been coated with systemic lupus Deoxyribonucleoprotien (DNP) ANA produced in SLE bind to the DNP coating the latex particles. This binding is evident by rapid agglutination of the latex.

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